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98年升大學學測英文試題題解分析

第壹部分： 選擇題（ 占72分）
一 、 詞 彙 （ 占 15分）
說明︰第1至15題，每題選出最適當的一個選項，標示在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。每題答對得1分，答錯不倒扣。

二、綜合測驗（ 占15分）
說明︰第16至30題，每題一個空格，請依文意選出最適當的一個選項，標示在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。每題答對得1分，答錯不倒扣。

       Art Fry was a researcher in the 3M Company. He was bothered by a small irritation every Sunday as he sang in the church choir. That is, after he _16_ his pages in the hymn book with small bits of paper, the small pieces would invariably fall out all over the floor. One day, an idea _17_ Art Fry. He remembered a kind of glue developed by a colleague that everyone thought _18_ a failure because it did not stick very well. He then coated the glue on a paper sample and found that it was not only a good bookmark, but it was great for writing notes. It would stay in place _19_ you wanted it to. Then you could remove it _20 damage. The resulting product was called the Post-it, one of 3M’s most successful office products.

      Art Fry 曾是3M公司的研究員。當他每一個星期日在教堂師歌班唱歌時，他都會被一個小小的惱人事件困擾。那就是他在詩歌書各頁用小紙片 _16_ ，那些小紙片總會掉落一地。有一天，一個靈感 _17_ 出現在Art Fry腦海。他記得有一位同事所作出來的一種粘膠，這種粘膠大家都認為 _18_ 一項失敗，因為它不能粘著的很好。於是，他把粘膠塗抹在一張樣紙上，他發現它不但是一個很好的書籤，作為便條紙也很好。它就會粘住在那裡 _19_ 你要它去(粘住)。然後，你可以 _19_ 傷害的移除它。這個製造出來的商品就是Post-it，是3M公司最成功的辦公用品之一。

第20 至25 題為題組

         The pineapple, long a symbol of Hawaii, was not a native plant. _21_, pineapples did not appear there until 1813. The pineapple was _22_ found in Paraguay and in the southern part of Brazil. Natives planted the fruit across South and Central America and in the Caribbean region, _23_ Christopher Columbus first found it. Columbus brought it, along with many other new things, back to Europe with him. From there, the tasty fruit _24 throughout other parts of civilization. It was carried on sailing ships around the world because it was found to help prevent scurvy, a disease that often _25_ sailors on long voyages. It was at the end of one of these long voyages that the pineapple came to Hawaii to stay.

     鳳黎，長久以來是夏威夷的象徵，並不是一種土生的植物。_21_，鳳梨直到1813年才出現在那裡。鳳梨 _22_ 被發現是在巴拉圭和巴西的南部。土著種植這種水果遍及中南美和加勒比海地區， _23_ 哥倫比亞第一次發現它。哥倫比亞把它和其他的一些新東西帶回歐洲。從那個地方，這個美味的水果 _24_ 其他的文明世界。它被裝載在全世界的帆船上，因為它被發現可以防範壞血病 - 一種水手在長期航行經常 _24_ 的疾病。這是許多次長期航行之一的結果，鳳黎抵達夏威夷就地生長。 

第26 至30 題為題組

　　　The Paralympics are Olympic-style games for athletes with a disability. They were organized for the first time in Rome in 1960. In Toronto in 1976, the idea of putting together different disability groups _26_ sports competitions was born. Today, the Paralympics are sports events for athletes from six different disability groups. They emphasize the participants’ athletic achievements _27_ their physical disability. The games have grown in size gradually. The number of athletes _28_ in the Summer Paralympic Games has increased from 400 athletes from 23 countries in 1960 to 3,806 athletes from 136 countries in 2004.
The Paralympic Games have always been held in the same year as the Olympic Games. Since the Seoul 1988 Paralympic Games and the Albertville 1992 Winter Paralympic Games, they have also _29_ in the same city as the Olympics. On June 19, 2001, an agreement was signed between the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympics Committee to keep this _30_ in the future. From the 2012 bid onwards, the city chosen to host the Olympic Games will also host the Paralympics.

　　殘障奧運會是殘障運動員的奧運競賽。它在1960年首度在羅馬組成。在1976年的多倫多，把不同的殘障團體組在一起 _26_ 運動競賽的構想實現了。目前，殘障奧運會是來自六個不同的殘障團體運動員的運動活動。它強調參賽者的運動成就 _27_ 他們生理上的殘障。這些競賽項目逐漸擴大。夏季殘障奧運會 _28_ 的運動員人數，由1960年來自23個國家的400人，在2004年增加至136個國家3,806人。
殘障奧運會一直都是和奧運會同一年舉行。自從1988年漢城奧運和1992年Albertville冬季奧運，它們一直都在和奧運會同一城市 _29_。在2001年6月19日，一項維持這個 _30_ 的協定被國際奧運委員會和國際殘障奧運委員會簽署了。自2012年及以後的競標，被選出來的主辦奧運會的城市也要主辦殘障奧運會。

三、文意選填（佔10分）
說明：第31至40題，每題一個空格，請依文意在文章後所提供的 (A) 到 (J) 選項中分別選出最適當者，並將其英文字母代號標示在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。每題答對得1分，答錯不倒扣。

      Familiar fables can be narrated differently or extended in interesting and humorous ways. The end of the famous fable of “The Tortoise and the Hare” is well known to all: the tortoise wins the race against the hare. The moral lesson is that slow and steady wins the race. We all have grown up with this popular version, but the _31_ fable can be extended with different twists. At the request of the hare, a second race is _32_ and this time, the hare runs without taking a rest and wins. The moral lesson is that _33_ and consistent will always beat slow and steady. Then it is the tortoise that _34_ the hare to a third race along a different route in which there is a river just before the final destination. This time, the tortoise wins the race because the hare cannot swim. The moral lesson is “First _35_ your strengths, and then change the playing field to suit them.”
But the story continues. Both _36_ know their own drawbacks and limitations very well; therefore, they jointly decide to have one last race—not to decide who the winner or loser is, but just for their own pleasure and satisfaction. The two _37_ as a team. Firstly, the hare carries the tortoise on its back to the river. Then, the tortoise carries the hare and swims to the _38_ bank of the river. Lastly, the hare carries the tortoise again on its back. Thus they reach the _39_ line together. Overall, many moral lessons from the last match are highlighted. The most obvious one is the importance of _40_. Another moral which also means a great deal is “competition against situations rather than against rivals.”

      一些熟悉的寓言可以以不同地敘述或以有趣和幽默的方式延伸出來。著名的「龜兔賽跑」就是大家所熟知的結局：烏龜打敗兔子贏得了賽跑。這個啟示就是慢和毅力贏得了賽跑。我們的成長中都是聽到這個普遍的版本，但是 _31_ 寓言也可以延伸出不同的轉折。在兔子的要求下，第二次賽跑 _32_，而這一次兔子沒有休息跑贏了。這個啟示就是 _33_ 和一起作氣打敗了慢和毅力。然後烏龜 _34_ 兔子延著一條不同的路徑來作第三次賽跑 – 就在終點前面有一條河。這一次，烏龜贏了賽跑，因為兔子不會游泳。這個啟示就是「首先 _35_ 你的能力，然後改變賽跑場地去適合你的能力」。
但是這個故事繼續著。二位 _36_ 都非常知道他們的缺點和極限；因此，他們共同決定作最後一次賽跑 – 不決定誰是贏家或輸家，而只是為了它們的好玩和愉快。它們二位 _37_ 成一個團隊。首先，兔子背著烏龜跑到河邊。然後，烏龜背著兔子游到河的 _38_ 岸邊。最後，兔子再背著烏龜。如此它們一起抵達了 _39_ 線。總而言之，從最後的合作得到的許多啟示被標榜著。最顯著的一個就是 _40_ 的重要。

四、閱讀測驗（ 占32分）
說明︰第41至56題，每題請分別根據各篇文章之文意選出最適當的一個選項，標示在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。每題答對得2分，答錯不倒扣。

41-44為題組

41.	Which of the following best describes the life the author is leading?

	(A) A simple, slow-paced life.	(B) A life of hard work and security.
	(C) A religious, peasant-like life.	(D) A life away from paper and pencils.

42.	Where is Eleanor’s letter sent to?

	(A) Why Bother Magazine.	(B) ABC Activity Insurance Company.
	(C) Stab, Grab, Grit, and Nasty Law Firm.
	(D) The International Institute of Not Doing Much.

43.	Which of the following is practiced in the author’s company?

	(A) Replacing the manual work system with modern technology.
	(B) Turning off lights in the daytime to save electricity.
	(C) Recycling paper resources whenever possible.

(D) Buying birds and pets as company for the staff.

44.	What is true about Maggie?

	(A) She works as a manager in the author’s company.
	(B) She sometimes helps fertilize the lawn outside the sauna.
	(C) She often helps with inter-office correspondence using e-mail.
	(D) Her handwriting has improved a lot after entering the company

敬啟者：

      你的地址被Why Bother Magazine轉給我們。我們都認為The International Institute of Not Doing Much是全球最好的組織。你們知道如何去避開沒有必要的活動。
      我們遵照你文章中的建議。首先我們將所有電話換成了傳信鴿。僅僅將電話的叮噹聲換成愉快的鳥叫聲對每一個人都有很好的效果。另外，鳥比電話服務便宜。畢竟，我們是作生意的。我們必須要顧及底線。有一個附帶的收獲，這些鳥也肥沃了新的員工三溫暖外面的草地。
      接著，我們將電腦賣給了Stab, Grab, Grit和附近的一家律師事物所Nasty。我們的電費帳單下降了。很大的節約！老板很感動。我們完全投入了紙的技術。現在我們都用鉛筆，書寫增加了，書寫技巧的品質另人可觀，就如同你可以從我這封信的筆跡看得出來。順便提醒你，如果方便的話，請將這封信寄回。我們可以將內容擦掉再使用它。只要將它綁在Maggie的腳上，牠就知道送到那裡。
      現在這裡很安靜。你可以區別出不同。沒有講電話的大聲說話！我們只會聽到寫在紙上的鉛筆聲，鴿子和傳遞公司內部信件的紙飛機的聲音。
      太棒了！從我是一個小女孩的時候，我就一直想要在一家保險工公司工作。

45-48 為題組
The Galápagos Islands are the Pacific island paradise where Darwin’s theory of evolution was born. They are places filled with giant tree lizards, sandy beaches, and tropical plants. Now they will be famous for one more thing: the world’s first green airport.
This group of islands off the coast of Ecuador has recently contracted Argentine Corporación America to manage the redevelopment of the airport on the island of Baltra. It is estimated that US$20 million is needed to complete the project by 2009. The new development has several important features: use of wind and solar energy, passive heating and cooling systems, as well as concrete runways in place of asphalt, which has a greater carbon footprint during its production cycle. This new development couldn’t be coming at a better time for the Galápagos, which were added to an environmental “danger list” in 2007.
Pacific islands like the Galápagos, Easter Island, and Tahiti, have economies that are driven almost completely by tourism. However, some people think these are “unsustainable models of development.” The number of visitors to the Galápagos rose more than 250% from 1990 to 2006, while the number of commercial flights to the area rose 193% from 2001 to 2006. These increases put great stress on the islands’ resources and environment. Air travel is especially criticized for exhausting natural resources and causing environmental damage. Thus, efforts are being made to reduce the environmental impact of the tourism industry. The greening of airports is just one of these attempts.

      Galápagos群島是太平洋中的樂園，這個地方就是達爾文進化論的誕生之地。許多地方充滿了巨種的樹蜥蝪、沙灘和熱帶植物。現在它將會再添一項名聲：世界第一座綠化(環保)機場。
這些群島位於厄瓜多的外海，最近和Argentine Corporación America公司訂約重新開發在Baltra島的機場。這個計劃預計約需2000萬美元，在2009年完工。這個新的開發工程有幾項特點：利用風和太陽能源、被動式的冷熱系統和以水泥跑道替代在製造過程中二氧化碳排放較多的柏油。這個Galápagos群島新開發計劃來的時機實在是太好了，因為2007年它們已被歸列為環保”危險名單”中。
太平洋中的群島，例如Galápagos、Easter Island和Tahiti幾乎都是仰賴觀光的經濟。雖然有些人認為這些(經濟)是「無法自己自足的發展模式」。自1990年至2006年到Galápagos的訪客數目增加了250%，同時自2001年至2006年到該地區的商業航空班次增加了193%。這些增加給這些島嶼帶來了資源與環保的很大的壓力。航空旅行消耗了自然資源和造成環境的損害尤其遭到批評。因此，減少觀光業對環境衝擊的努力正在進行中。綠化(環保)機場就是眾多的努力之一。

49-52為題組
According to popular folklore, many animals are smarter than they appear. Dogs bark before earthquakes; cattle predict rainfall by sitting on the ground. But cattle may have another hidden talent in telling which way is north.
Small animals such as mole rats living underground are known for the use of magnetism to navigate. Dr. Begall and her colleagues wanted to know whether larger mammals also have the ability to perceive magnetic fields. They investigated this possibility by studying images of thousands of cattle captured on Google Earth, a website that stitches together satellite photographs to produce an image of the Earth’s surface.
Grazing animals are known to orient themselves in a way that minimizes wind chill from the north and maximizes the warmth of the sun when they are cold. The researchers therefore had to study a lot of cows grazing in lots of different places at different times of day, in order to average out these factors and see whether cattle could act like compass needles.
The researchers concluded that cattle do generally orient themselves in a north-south direction. This north-south preference has also been noted in flies, termites and honeybees. But unfortunately, even the high resolution of Google Earth is not powerful enough to tell which end of the cow is its head, and which its tail.
The researchers were therefore unable to answer their research questions of whether cattle prefer to look north or south, and whether that differs in the northern and southern hemispheres.

      依據民間傳說，許多動物比它們的外表聰明。狗在地震前叫；牲畜以坐在地上預測下雨。但是牲畜還有另一個能告知那個方向是北方的才能。
有些小動物，例如居住在地下的錢鼠已被我們知道能以磁極辨知方向。Begall博士和她的同事想要知道大型動物是否也有測知磁場的能力。他們研究顯示在Google Earth數以千計牲畜的影像來調查這個可能性 - Google Earth是一個將衛星圖片組合產出地球表面影像的網站。
我們知道放牧動物，當它們冷的時後，它們會以一種減少對來自北方的冷風以獲得最大陽光溫暖的方式來調適自己。研究員因此必需做許多乳牛在一天之中、在不同的時間、在不同的地方吃草的研究，以平均出這些因素並檢視牲畜是否會像羅盤針一樣的行動。
研究員結論出牲畜確實會以北-南的方向大致性地來調適自己。這種北-南的喜好也在蒼蠅、白蟻和蜜蜂的行為中發現。但是不幸地，即使以Google Earth(影像)的高解析度，也不足強大到能分辨出乳牛的的那一端是它的頭、那一端是它的尾巴。
研究員因此無法回答他們研究的題目 - 牲畜是喜歡面向北方還是南方，還有北半球和南半球有什麼區別。

53-56 為題組

　　　 Children normally have a distrust of new foods. But it’s the parents’ job to serve a variety of foods and expose their children to healthy dieting habits.
Some simple strategies can help even the pickiest eater learn to like a more varied diet. First of all, you don’t have to send children out of the kitchen. With hot stoves, boiling water and sharp knives at hand, it is understandable that parents don’t want children in the kitchen when they’re making dinner. But studies suggest that involving children in meal preparation is an important first step in getting them to try new foods.
In one study, nearly 600 children from kindergarten to sixth grade took part in a nutrition curriculum intended to get them to eat more vegetables and whole grains. The researchers found that children who had cooked their own foods were more likely to eat those foods in the cafeteria than children who had not. Kids don’t usually like radishes, but if kids cut them up and put them in the salad, they will love the dish.
Another strategy is not to diet in front of your children. Kids are tuned into their parents’ eating preferences and are far more likely to try foods if they see their mother or father eating them. Given this powerful effect, parents who are trying to lose weight should be careful of how their dieting habits can influence a child’s perceptions about food and healthful eating. In one study of 5-year-old girls about dieting, one child noted that dieting involved drinking chocolate milkshakes, because her mother was using Slim-Fast drinks. Another child said dieting meant “you fix food but you don’t eat it.” By exposing young children to erratic dieting habits, parents may be putting them at risk for eating disorders.

      小孩子通常對新的食物不信任。但這是父母的工作去提供不同的食物並且讓他們的小孩有一個健康的飲食習慣環境。
有一些簡單的方法可以協助即使是最挑嘴的人去學習喜歡更多不同的食物。首先，你不要叫小孩遠離廚房。手邊有烤爐、熱水和銳利的刀子，當父母在準備晚餐時，不喜歡小孩子在廚房是可以理解的。但是研究建議小孩子參與準備食物是使他們嘗試新食物的重要第一步。有一個研究，有將近600位幼稚園至六年級的兒童參加一項使他們吃更多蔬菜和穀物的營養課程。研究員發現那些參與烹飪自己食物的兒童比那些不參與的兒童更容易接受餐廳的那些食物。小孩子通常不喜歡蘿蔔，但是如果小孩子切它而且把它們放進沙拉，他們會喜歡這個食物。
另一個方法是在你的小孩前面不要節食。小孩子很容易跟從他們父母親的喜好，而且假如他們看到父母親吃這些食物的話，更容易去嘗試。有這個強而有力的效果，正在嘗試減肥的父母親應該要小心他們的節食習慣會影響一個小孩子對食物和健康飲食的認知。在一個對五歲女孩的飲食研究中發現有一個小孩喝巧克力奶昔，因為她的母親食用快速苗條飲料。另外一位小孩說飲食就是「你準備食物但是你不吃」。將小孩子暴露在不恰當的節食習慣環境中，父母親也許會讓他們處在飲食不規律的風險中。

第貳部分： 非選擇題（ 占28分）
說明：本部分共有二題，請依各題指示作答，答案必須寫在「答案卷」上，並標明大題號（一、二）。作答務必使用筆尖較粗之黑色墨水的筆書寫，且不得使用鉛筆。

一、翻譯題（ 占8分）
說明：1.請將以下兩題中文譯成正確而通順達意的英文，並將答案寫在「答案卷」上。
2.請依序作答，並標明題號。每題4分，共8分。

翻譯的技巧：

1. 應付考試的翻譯，要以逐字翻譯為主才會得高分。
2. 先看中文的句子結構，再來決定英文的句子結構要如何寫。以下列考題為例：

二、英文作文（ 占20分）
說明︰1.依提示在「答案卷」上寫一篇英文作文。
2.文長至少120個單詞（words）。

作文的技巧： 作文與翻譯不同。翻譯只要把中文按文法翻譯出來就可以了。作文則必須用英文來思考你要怎麼寫。

1. 看清楚題目、按照它的提示，你可以在試卷上將你大致要寫的東西很快地用英文作一個流程草稿，以這個題目為例：

第一段：發生了什麼事情？
earthquake? why is earthquake? -> remnants -> a man walking by the house  -> any causalities?

第二段：地震後通常的情況會是什麼？
After the quakes -> homeless -> shelters, blankets, food, drinks, medicines…  
-> therapies -> houses rebuilt -> outbreaks of epidemics
-> assistance -> government -> volunteer -> donations -> pray

2. 有了這些你想要寫的東西之後，就很容易了。題目要求文長120個單詞(words)左右，千萬不要長篇大論，以120-150字寫出重點即可。

3. 作文時難免刪刪改改，由於文章不長，如果考試要求一定要用原子筆作答，可以先用鉛筆寫出草稿，再用原子筆清稿，只要文法沒錯，重點寫出，文章乾淨，應該就可以得高分。

範例：

      It was an earthquake, not a typhoon or any other nature disasters, which tumbled the house because all the remnants were scattered on the ground. From the photo, we see a man walking by the house safely; however, we hope there were no severe causalities during the quakes.
After the quakes, many people become homeless; they need shelters, blankets, food, drinks and medicines. Some of them might need post-quake therapies. The houses also need to be rebuilt. Above all, to prevent the outbreaks of epidemics, people should place hygiene as a daily priority. For all of these, besides the government’s reliefs, they need your support and assistance, too. Please don’t enter into the quake-hit areas unless you are a volunteer organized by the professionals, for you can always donate and pray for them.

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